比特派网站地址|financial economics

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2024-03-08 22:32:11

金融经济学(经济学分支学科)_百度百科

学(经济学分支学科)_百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心金融经济学是一个多义词,请在下列义项上选择浏览(共9个义项)展开添加义项金融经济学播报讨论上传视频经济学分支学科收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10金融经济学;所谓金融经济学,它就是一门研究金融资源有效配置的科学。虽然,金融资源(也称金融工具)的形态有多种多样,有货币、债券、股票,也有它们的衍生产品,它们所带来的收益和风险也各不相同,但是,它们都有一个共同的特征:人们拥有它们不再是像经济学原理所描述的那样是为了想从使用这些“商品”的过程中得到一种满足,而是希望通过它们能在未来创造出更多的价值,从而在这种能够直接提高自身物质购买力的“金融资源配置”过程中得到最大的满足。中文名金融经济学外文名Financial Economics学术归类经济学目录1简介2发展▪引子▪起初▪近况3分类▪传统金融理论▪套利定价理论▪公司融资结构理论▪金融市场不完全性理论4应用5代表人物简介播报编辑金融经济学Financial Economics它是经济学的一个分支。分析理性投资者如何通过最有效的方式使用资金和进行投资以期达到目标。广义的金融经济学包括资本市场理论、公司财务理论,以及研究方法方面的内容,如数理金融学、金融市场计量经济学;而狭义的金融经济学则着重讨论金融市场的均衡建立机制,其核心是资产定价。金融经济学所依据的基本原理有:偏好原理、优化原理、无套利原理、市场均衡原理。这些都建立在完美市场假设的基础上。发展播报编辑引子金融经济学是人们从20世纪80年代后期开始,不断地运用经济学理论探索、研究金融学中的均衡与套利、单时期风险配置以及多时期风险配置、最优投资组合、均值方差分析、最优消费与投资、证券估值与定价等等,逐渐形成并发展起来的一门崭新的经济学与金融学交叉性的学科。当今,金融经济学在对经济学家的教育和培训中所起的作用与前几年相比,显得更加重要。这种变化通常起因于最近几年金融市场上相应的转变。在金融市场上,衍生证券价值数百万兆美元的资产在每日交易着,例如,期权和期货,这样的情况已经在l0年前就存在。然而,这些变化的重要性与它们自身的变化相比,显得不太明显。只要衍生证券能够由套利来估价,这类证券就刚好复制基本证券。比如,在促使支撑期权定价的布莱克-斯科尔斯-默顿模型(布莱克、斯科尔斯和默顿)的假设均是正确的条件下,整个期权市场是多余的,因为由假设条件知道,期权收益能够用股票和债券来复制。同样的讨论方法可应用于其他衍生证券市场上。因此,可以证明,起着重要作用的变量——消费配置——不会受金融市场变化的影响。沿着这些线索,人们不像对超市职员或银行出纳员基于他们处理大量现金所做的类似讨论一样,不是从它们的交易量上来推断金融市场的重要性。对金融经济学的扩展作用,一种似乎更合理的解释是基于本领域中的迅速发展。在大约25年前,金融理论仅仅是一种习俗描述与由实践者创造的很少具有分析基础的凭实际经验所得的做法的结合,就此而言,结果几乎很少正确。金融经济学家认为,在原则上证券价格应该可以依照运用严谨的经济理论来分析。然而,实际上大部分的经济学家没有投入更多的努力在这一方向上发展经济学。现今,与之相比,金融经济学在既涉及时间、又涉及不确定性问题的经济分析方面不断地占据着核心的地位。以前,这是货币经济学的内容;金融学方法越来越多地用于分析超出那些涉及证券价格和投资组合选择范围的问题,尤其是当这些包含既有时间又有不确定性的问题。一个事例是真实期权的研究,最初由对期权的分析所发展起来的金融学工具被应用到像环境经济学领域中。这个领域在本质上不处理期权,但是所牵涉的问题与期权思想联系非常紧密。起初金融经济学金融经济学处于金融学与经济学相互交叉的领域中。这两个学科在思想上不同,与其说出差异,不如人们指出它们大量的相似性。金融系存在于商业学院中,并且以金融实践者为导向的;而经济系存在于学院或者大学文科的部门中,而且不是以任何单个非学术团体为导向的。从研究金融学的经济学家观察问题的视角点看,最重要的差异是金融学家典型地运用连续时间模型,而经济学家却使用离散时间模型。人们发现,连续时间金融学比离散时间金融学在数学处理和研究上显得更困难一些,进而人们询问金融学家为什么喜爱连续时间金融学。这个问题人们很少去讨论。产品的差异确实是解释上述情况的部分缘由,同时,阻止进入所起的作用也不能不予考虑。然而,金融学家更喜爱运用连续时间模型的理由是因为金融学上的问题与经济学上的问题差异太大,例如,金融学上要研究衍生证券的估值,这可以用连续时间模型更好地处理。技术上的原因是与金融市场模型关于均衡证券价格的风险规避的因素相关联。在许多设置中,风险规避 (Risk Aversion)是最适合于用估值收益的概率测度的某种变换来处理。在非常弱的假设下,连续时间中的变换会影响到刻画证券价格演化的随机过程漂移(Drifts),但是却不会影响到它们的波动性(依据Girsanov定理)。这点在推导布莱克一斯科尔斯期权定价公式中得到了证实。与之相比,很容易运用例子来证明,在离散时间模型中对基本测度所实行的变换会影响到波动性以及漂移。此外,已知越是在连续时间中不出现的因素,越是容易在离散时间中以时间区间长度的二阶项出现。这些高阶项的存在,常常促使估值问题的离散时间形式难以处理。在连续时间背景下,容易进行基本分析,甚至人们为了获得数值解必须最终离散化作为结果的偏微分方程。近况虽然这样,但是近几年来出版的大多数金融经济学方法教科书,一般在开始进入该课程时均是以离散时间和离散状态模型为起点的。通常假设存在一个时间区间,也就是在单时期框架上来引入一些基本的概念和模型。这种设置更适合于对证券风险与收益之间关系,以及在风险配置中对证券作用的研究。然后,过渡到多时期(有限多个时期)以及连续时间条件下的内容上。多时期模型考虑了一种不确定性的渐进解,并且使把重要的交易证券作为一种新的信息成为可能。分类播报编辑传统金融理论传统金融理论对经济主体的偏好和金融资产的收益率的概率分布状况都有着严格约束的假设。这些严格的约束导出了一个著名的理论框架,即经济主体对金融资产的选择主要依据资产收益的平均值和方差程度。由这个理论框架所直接推导出来的理论就是我们所熟悉的资产组合选择的平均值一方差理论(the mean—variance analysis)。1955年,现代“共同基金定理”的思想之父——马克维茨(M·Markowitz)最先对现代资产组合理论进行了探索。按照该理论,由于投资收益是不确定的,故通常用概率函数来刻画投资收益可能出现的各种结果,用资产的实际收益率对预期收益率的背离程度来测度资产收益的不确定性,即风险。基于这种收益与风险的理念,投资者运用效用最大化的决策准则,在所有可能的投资方案中集中求出投资决策的最优解。套利定价理论资本资产定价模型揭示出了在资本市场达到均衡时资产收益(资产定价)的决定机制。但是,该模型基于众多的假定,其中一些假设与现实不甚吻合,并且一些经验结果与模型相悖。这就促使人们去建立新的金融经济学理论。斯蒂芬·偌斯(Stephen·A·Ross)于1976年提出了一种新的资本资产均衡理论。这就是金融经济学的第二种研究方式,被称为套利定价理论(Arbitrage Pricing Theory,APt)。该理论认为风险可由几个因子产生,而不像CAPM那样基于一个风险因子,这与许多经验结果相吻合。并且,CAPM是APT的一个特例,后者的假定又大大少于前者的假定。因此,普遍认为,APT是CAPM的一个较好的替代理论。公司融资结构理论金融经济学第三个方面的文献集中于讨论公司的融资结构问题(The Financial Structure)。莫迪格利安尼(Modigliani)和米勒(Miller)1956年在《美国经济评论》上共同发表的“资本成本、公司融资和投资理论”(MM定理),标志着现代公司融资结构理论的形成。它所揭示出来的无关性结果与我们的常规性思维相矛盾。我们甚至可以断定,在公司融资结构理论方面将不再会有其他类似的与常规思维相差程度如此之大的理论结论。因此,MM定理居然认为,公司的融资结构及其股息政策对公司的价值毫无影响。毕竟,我们通常都认为,融资结构对一个公司的成功来说很关键,并且股票市场对一个公司的股息政策相当敏感。MM定理发现的重要性曾经被广泛地误解了。MM定理固然指出了公司融资结构的无关性,然而它更重要的意义在于,它含蓄地引导了人们开始去认识所有建立在完全金融市场假设的基础之上的模型的不足。它不仅驱使人们不去接受公司融资人员的有关建议,而且指出了这些建议所赖以成立的理论基础的不足之处。金融市场不完全性理论金融经济学第四个方面的发展就是关于金融市场的不完全性(incompleteness)的研究。进入90年代以来,信息经济学正式被引入对金融市场和金融制度的研究,标志着现代金融经济学进入了——个最新的发展阶段,也是现代金融经济学的最新发展成果。这方面的文献都试图放弃完全市场难题中的某——条件,比如条件之一——存在可供单个的金融索偿权交易的一系列市场。而关于市场不完善的假设与完全市场难题的一个根本性的分歧在于关于信息不对称的假设之上。由于允许经济主体拥有不同的信息,他们相关的行为改变了,由此市场交易难题的基本方面也随之改变了。当经济主体不能够观察到贸易的标的物或者不能观察到市场上所有其他人的行为时,市场交易就变得相当困难了。有关不对称信息的文献已经研究出了在有借款意愿的人和有贷款意愿的人之间所存在的最优制度安排。在这里,有借款意愿的人和有贷款意愿的人所接受到的信息并不是一样的。不对称信息的介绍为激励问题的研究开辟了道路。一旦契约双方不能以相同的成本独立地观察到金融市场上的信息,那么,其中的一方就会有假装的倾向。他通过假装,从而诱导另外一方去作出与其自身利益相反的决策。这种类型的激励问题破坏了金融市场上契约的原本内在运行机理,进而使得建立在对相互利益的期待基础上的市场交易无法成立。简言之,激励问题可能导致市场的关闭。同时,激励问题又会刺激其他类型的制度安排的发展,这些制度安排主要功能将是充分吸收和控制信息问题。应用播报编辑现代资产组合理论、套利定价理论的成功运用都是以资本市场的有效性为前提。但是,中国的证券市场发展时间较短,还存在着诸多问题,最突出的几个问题可以归纳为:(1)政策法规体系不完善,《证券法》出台时间不长,从出台到效力的充分发挥还需要一段足够的时间;(2)证券商和广大机构投资者的自律性不够强,市场投机气氛过于浓厚;(3)上市公司的信息披露制度不规范,一些上市公司和券商联合利用内幕信息进行交易,牟取暴利;(4)虽然1998年以来成立了一大批投资基金,然而与美国等成熟的资本市场相比而言,中国资本市场上的理性机构投资者尤显不足。这四个因素阻碍了中国证券市场有效性的建立。中国国有商业银行的信贷机制正在日益规范化,向国际标准靠拢,金融市场的信息不对称理论和激励理论在中国的银行信贷市场上是适用的。金融经济学指出,在不对称的信息环境下,商业银行本身就是最优的制度创新,作为一种全新的制度安排,它把原本很难走到一起的借贷双方有效地结合起来了,从而实现了社会资金的最优配置。因此,金融经济学理论要求,中国的商业银行必须严格内部控制制度,规范信贷制度,极力追求资金效益。惟有这样,商业银行才不至于丢失其作为制度所存在的意义。中国的金融市场迫切需求建立中国自己的金融经济学经济理论界关于努力建立中国自己的经济学的呼声很高,其中以盛洪、茅以轼等学者的努力最为中国的经济学人所感动。中国的金融市场与美国、日本等国成熟的资本市场固然有着内在的千差万别,但是,可以借鉴它们的理论成果,来解释中国金融市场上的若干问题,来建立中国自己的金融经济学。90年代以来,中国金融理论界研究成果斐然,金融改革和国家宏观经济调控的实践可以说与之息息相关。货币政策问题、金融监管问题相通货膨胀(紧缩)问题固然要研究,股市评论和行业评论固然也要写,但是,对中国金融市场上的一些宏观问题绝不能掉以轻心,比如中国证券市场的有效性研究、中国证券市场上的金融资产的价格决定机制研究等。对这些宏观问题进行研究的时候,要善于利用当前现代微观经济学、制度经济学、博弈论和信息经济学的最新成果,特别要注重运用他们所蕴涵的最新研究方法。只要对中国金融市场上的宏观问题在理论上有了完整的认识,才有可能自如地发展和运用中国的金融市场。代表人物播报编辑尤金·法马(Eugene Fama)2013年诺贝尔经济学奖得主 [1]。他提出的“有效市场理论”用简明清晰的模型,奠定了新古典金融经济学的基础。法马的理论脱胎于新古典经济学的正统方法,有严谨完美的理论框架,它是在主流的新古典经济学框架下开展的研究,也很自然地开启了主流金融经济学。 [2]新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备110000020000

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Financial Economics: Definition, Topics, Methods, and Importance

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What Is Financial Economics?

Financial economics is a branch of economics that analyzes the use and distribution of resources in markets. Financial decisions must often take into account future events, whether those be related to individual stocks, portfolios, or the market as a whole.

Key Takeaways

Financial economics analyzes the use and distribution of resources in markets.It employs economic theory to evaluate how time, risk, opportunity costs, and information can create incentives or disincentives for a particular decision.Financial economics often involves the creation of sophisticated models to test the variables affecting a particular decision.

How Financial Economics Works

Making financial decisions is not always a straightforward process. Time, risk (uncertainty), opportunity costs, and information can create incentives or disincentives. Financial economics employs economic theory to evaluate how certain things impact decision making, providing investors with the instruments to make the right calls.

Financial economics usually involves the creation of sophisticated models to test the variables affecting a particular decision. Often, these models assume that individuals or institutions making decisions act rationally, though this is not necessarily the case. The irrational behavior of parties has to be taken into account in financial economics as a potential risk factor.

This branch of economics builds heavily on microeconomics and basic accounting concepts. It is a quantitative discipline that uses econometrics as well as other mathematical tools.

Financial economics necessitates familiarity with basic probability and statistics since these are the standard tools used to measure and evaluate risk. 

Financial economics studies fair value, risk and returns, and the financing of securities and assets. Numerous monetary factors are taken into account, too, including interest rates and inflation.

Financial Economics vs. Traditional Economics

Traditional economics focuses on exchanges in which money is one—but only one—of the items traded. In contrast, financial economics concentrates on exchanges in which money of one type or another is likely to appear on both sides of a trade. 

The financial economist can be distinguished from traditional economists by their focus on monetary activities in which time, uncertainty, options and information play roles. 

Financial Economics Methods

There are many angles to the concept of financial economics. Two of the most prominent are:

Discounting

Decision making over time recognizes the fact that the value of $1 in 10 years' time is less than the value of $1 now. Therefore, the $1 at 10 years must be discounted to allow for risk, inflation, and the simple fact that it is in the future. Failure to discount appropriately can lead to problems, such as underfunded pension schemes.

Risk Management and Diversification

Advertisements for stock market-based financial products must remind potential buyers that the value of investments may fall as well as rise.

Financial institutions are always looking for ways of insuring, or hedging, this risk. It is sometimes possible to hold two highly risky assets but for the overall risk to be low: if share A only performs badly when share B performs well (and vice versa) then the two shares perform a perfect hedge.

An important part of finance is working out the total risk of a portfolio of risky assets, since the total risk may be less than the risk of the individual components.

Related Terms

Economics Defined with Types, Indicators, and Systems

Economics is a branch of social science focused on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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What Is Regression? Definition, Calculation, and Example

Regression is a statistical measurement that attempts to determine the strength of the relationship between one dependent variable and a series of other variables.

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Macroeconomics Definition, History, and Schools of Thought

Macroeconomics studies an overall economy or market system, its behaviors, the factors that drive it, and how to improve its performance.

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Microeconomics Definition, Uses, and Concepts

Microeconomics is a branch of economics that analyzes market behavior of individuals and firms in order to understand their decision-making processes.

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Keynesian Economics Theory: Definition and How It's Used

Keynesian economics comprise a theory of total spending in the economy and its effects on output and inflation, as developed by John Maynard Keynes.

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Quantitative Analysis (QA): What It Is and How It's Used in Finance

Quantitative analysis (QA) seeks to understand behavior by using mathematical and statistical modeling, measurement, and research.

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金融经济学(JFE)期刊如何? - 知乎

金融经济学(JFE)期刊如何? - 知乎首页知乎知学堂发现等你来答​切换模式登录/注册期刊学术期刊金融经济学金融经济学(JFE)期刊如何?关注者4被浏览19,156关注问题​写回答​邀请回答​好问题 1​添加评论​分享​1 个回答默认排序连玉君​计量经济学话题下的优秀答主​ 关注1. 引言Journal of Financial Economics (JFE) 作为金融学三大刊之一,一直是金融经济学家梦寐以求的顶级刊物。该期刊自 1974 年由 Michael C. Jensen,Eugene F. Fama 和 Robert C. Merton 创办以来,成果颇丰,促进了金融经济学领域的繁荣发展。本文通过研究 1974-2020 年由 3358 位不同作者在 JFE 上发表的 3003 篇论文的详细数据,发现计算机以及电子通信技术的进步,促进了实证研究和合作研究的发展,增加了学术论文的复杂性; 作者、审稿人、编辑更具有地理多元化和性别多样性; 金融学教师的需求增长,推进了对教师薪酬和高质量期刊的需求。2. JFE 的期刊策略2.1 利用价格提高效率 JFE 期刊通过向作者收取投稿费,向审稿人支付报酬,来保证投稿论文的质量。具体地,作者需要在每次返修时缴纳投稿费用,因此他们倾向于提交高质量的论文; 高质量论文的预期费用较低,因为投稿费将会退还给发表论文的作者; 如果论文在第三次提交后不被接受,就会被拒绝。选择标准:是否具备审稿能力;评审论文:1996 年至 2020 年,共撰写了 6167 份审稿意见,占所有审稿意见的 25% 以上,提高了 JFE 的论文质量和出版水平;论文发表:发表的论文引用次数较高。2.2 同行评议和反馈 同行评议制度是学术界广泛使用的论文评价制度。创刊初期,JFE 就利用不同激励机制来提高审稿人的工作效率。报酬激励:为及时提交评审意见的审稿人提供投稿优惠,且审稿人的投稿机会不限次数。虽然这些报酬不能完全补偿审稿人的时间,但研究表明审稿人会优先审查 JFE 分配的稿件;声誉激励:在期刊网站上公开审稿人员和平均审稿时间,为审稿人提供声誉奖励;时间激励:对不合适的论文进行直接拒稿,减少了审稿人所需要的时间;论文激励:因为熟悉论文的评价标准,担任 JFE 编辑或审稿人的作者往往拥有更低的拒稿率。 通过统计 1974 年至 2020 年审稿人和作者的特点,可以发现:审稿人超过 91% 的审稿人的论文在 JFE 上投稿; 67% 的审稿人的论文在 JFE 发表; 超过 16% 的审稿人为女性; 超过 75%、12% 和 3% 的审稿人在美国、欧洲和亚洲工作。 作者13% 的作者担任过 JFE 的审稿人; 21% 的作者在 JFE 上发表过论文; 约 21% 的作者是女性; 46%、18% 和 10% 的作者在美国、欧洲和亚洲工作。 通过统计 1994 年以来按时提交审稿意见并获得报酬的和延期审稿没有收到报酬的审稿人的审稿周期分布,可以发现:激励性薪酬制度有助于鼓励审稿的及时性; 获得报酬的审稿人的平均值和中位数分别为 21.9 和 26 天; 延期审稿的审稿人的平均值和中位数分别为 70.7 和 52 天。 除速度意外,JFE 也在其他方面提高反馈质量:大多数稿件仅分配一个审稿人,以避免“搭便车”的现象——确保审稿人对结果负责,减少作者的等待时间; 当论文较为复杂或审稿人存在疑问时,征求其他审稿人的意见,以减少后续争议。 2.3 提高论文的论述质量 JFE 一直强调论文的思路清晰、论述有力,为提高论文的论述质量:聘请专业的文字编辑来审查每一篇被接受的论文; 提高图表质量,保证读者可以不通过正文理解其中的信息; 不限制文章篇幅,更偏向于较长的综合性论文,而不是几篇小短文的累积。 2.4 创新:会议,特刊和临床论文 为挖掘和培养新的研究领域,JFE 采取了一系列基于创新活动,包括学术会议、举办特刊和关注临床论文 (clinical papers)。下表展示了研讨会的主题、特刊的论文、页数、引用量、发表周期和责任编辑,可以发现:特刊中每篇论文平均被引用 9.3 次,比普通期刊的 6.5 次高 43% 以上; 截止 2020 年,JFE 已经发表了 66 篇临床论文,每年平均被引用 6.2 次。3. JFE 的生产要素3.1 研究课题和方法 下图展示了自 1974 年以来 JFE 论文主题的变化趋势,可以发现:上个世纪 80 年代,以资本市场和定价为主; 90 年代以来与金融机构和服务有关的论文大幅增长,金融危机促使学者研究金融机构在金融市场中所扮演的角色; 与公司财务和治理有关的论文从 20 世纪 70 年代的六分之一增长到现在的三分之一以上; 在研究范式上,早期的研究以理论为主,随后实证论文的数量逐渐增加 (但论文的理论贡献并没有减少)。3.2 谁是作者与审稿人? 在作者与审稿人特征方面:学术金融全球化:美国的作者和审稿人比例稳步下降;性别多样性:女性作者和审稿人的比例稳步上升。在审稿人的工作方面:1994—2020 年间,有 1952 名审稿人为 JFE 撰写过审稿意见,其中 39% 的人完成了 1-2 份审稿报告; 让被引用次数高的审稿人评审发表可能性较大的论文; 通过审阅低质量的稿件来观察审稿人的判断标准,以避免他们过于宽容; 向编委会征求审稿人推荐名单,以凝聚更多的优秀学者为期刊效力; 以抵扣投稿费用形式补偿审稿人,这种不可转让的“优惠券”是一种价格歧视手段,鼓励更具有发表潜力的作者投稿。 在 JFE 被引用最多的 56 位作者中:Eugene Fama 和 Kenneth French 以 392.1 和 349.9 次的平均引用排名前二; René Stulz 的论文最多,以其 38 篇高被引论文排名第三。 3.3 作者在哪里工作? 通过统计在 JFE 发表论文最多的 42 个机构单位可以发现:作者的广度和深度在世界各地显著增长,顶级机构的发文占比逐渐减少; 在 20 世纪 70 年代,罗切斯特大学、芝加哥大学、麻省理工大学和加州大学洛杉矶分校发表的论文约占 40%,而到了 2010-2020 年这一比率略低于 6%。4. 对 JFE 论文的引用自 1996 年以来,JFE 的论文已被其他论文引用了 313959 次。下图展示了 1977 至 2019 年期间 JFE、JF、RFS 和 JFQA 影响因子的变化趋势,可以发现:影响因子均显著增长,反映了论文和引用数量的增加; JFE 的影响因子在上个世纪 80 年代较高,当时期刊较为关注公司控制权问题; 自 1998 年以来,JF 的影响因子大幅增加,自 2008 年以来,RFS 的影响因子大幅增加。5. JFE 和其他金融期刊的长期趋势5.1 论文数量和复杂性趋势 随着经济、金融和会计期刊的数量不断增长,论文的篇幅和复杂性也逐渐增加:论文的篇幅、作者数量和分类代码数量呈正相关关系; 引文数量与篇幅存在显著正相关关系,更长的篇幅更可能包含更有价值的信息。 在先前的研究中,Card 和 DellaVigna (2013):经济学五大刊篇幅的增长与 JFE 类似,复杂性趋势并非 JFE 或金融期刊所独有; Laband 和 Tollison (2000):合著者数量显著上升,且跨区域合作增加; Hamermesh (2013):合著的增加可能由于研究复杂性的增加,技术进步降低了协作成本,从合作中获得乐趣,论文需要不同的批判性读者; Kim 等 (2009):合著论文的增长归因于计算机和通信成本的降低,商学院金融教师人数的增长; Card 和 DellaVigna (2013):合著论文可以缓解接受率较低和发表周期较长的不利影响。5.2 引文和作者特征之间关系的长期变化 论文长度与引用率之间的正相关关系逐渐下降; 担任审稿人或编委的作者的论文引用率更高; 作者的地理位置和性别与引用率之间没有一致的关系。哪些因素可以解释对期刊需求的增长? 尽管投稿费增加,仍有大量的论文在 JFE 上提交和发表。JFE 定价策略依据投稿数量和费用的相互关系,如下图所示,如果投稿量在前两年增加,则投稿费也会增加;在投稿费上涨后的一年,投稿量的增长率略有下降。Hamermesh (2018) 总结了 13 篇研究薪酬与引文之间关系的文献,发现顶刊作者的工资和单位质量较高;通过评估 1974-2011 年进入金融就业市场的 JFE 作者的薪酬,发现他们的平均起薪每年增长约 6.2%;结论 本文利用 JFE 和其他资料数据,考察了过去 47 年学术金融研究在数量和质量上的显著增长。研究结论:作者、审稿人和编辑的人数、地理多元化和性别多元化逐渐增加;计算机和通讯技术的发展增加了实证分析的复杂性,并鼓励不同作者团队之间的合作。研究贡献:解释评审论文的过程;描述论文被引的影响。研究启示:同行评审不仅可以帮助作者撰写更好的论文,还能帮助读者筛选更高质量的论文;应当有效管理期刊的投稿的增长和对审稿人的要求,以避免有才华的学者退出同行评审。详细内容参见连享会推文专题:论文写作 投个JFE:你了解顶刊金融经济学(JFE)吗相关推文 Note:产生如下推文列表的 Stata 命令为:. lianxh 顶刊. songbl 顶刊安装最新版 lianxh/ songbl 命令:. ssc install lianxh, replace. ssc install songbl, replace 专题:论文写作 投个JFE:你了解顶刊金融经济学(JFE)吗论文复现:顶刊JF中的因子分析-谁更容易当CEO?专题:IV-GMM 工具变量:顶刊中的Shock-IV整理发布于 2022-09-26 21:07​赞同 9​​添加评论​分享​收藏​喜欢收起​​

Financial Economics - Definition, How It Works, Methods

Financial Economics - Definition, How It Works, Methods

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Home › Resources › Economics › Financial Economics

Financial Economics

A branch of economics that deals with various financial markets Over 1.8 million professionals use CFI to learn accounting, financial analysis, modeling and more. Start with a free account to explore 20+ always-free courses and hundreds of finance templates and cheat sheets.

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What is Financial Economics?

Financial economics is a branch of economics that deals with various financial markets, taking into consideration how resources are being used. Its particular attention to monetary activities sets it apart from the other branches.

In financial economics, important aspects that occur in forex and stock markets are analyzed, as well as how inflation, depression, deflation, recession, prices, and other financial variables impact one another. Financial economics is important in making investment decisions, identifying risks, and valuing securities and assets.

How Does Financial Economics Work?

As mentioned above, financial economics looks at the monetary activities of financial markets, making it a quantitative field. Financial economics does the following:

It is involved in analyzing the fair value of an asset and the amount of cash that can be made from an asset. Fair value is described as the actual value of a product or stock as agreed upon by both the seller and the buyer or the value of the same product given to it by the market where it is traded. In terms of cash flow, financial economics also determines how another asset or an event influences cash flow generation.

Financial economics also studies risks and identifies ways to minimize investment-related risks.

Financial economics also encompasses financial instruments such as bonds, stocks, and securities. It also looks at the various market regulations that govern the markets where these tools are traded. Of course, the markets and financial institutions are also within the purview of financial economics.

Aspects of Financial Economics

There are two basic aspects of financial economics, namely present value and risk management diversification.

1. Present Value

Every investor is aware that the value of his money today won’t be the same in the next 10 to 20 years. For example, money today will not provide the same purchasing power over the next 20 years. This is an important fact that needs to be recognized by investors when making decisions.

They should discount the 10- or 20-year difference because of inflation and risk. The discounting aspect is very important because associated problems such as underfunded pension schemes are already present.

2. Risk Management and Diversification

Risk is inherent in almost all financial activities. Anyone who keeps monitoring the stock market will notice that the stocks being traded can change trends anytime. The returns from stock investing are sometimes high, as the risk is also high. Ideally, if an investor holds two risky assets, their individual performances should compensate for the other.

Basic Concepts of Financial Economics

There are two basic concepts of Financial Economics – the Portfolio Theory and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).

1. Portfolio Theory

Also called the Modern Portfolio Theory, this theory asserts that investors show a natural aversion to risk and will, therefore, try to avoid investments with higher risks, as well as those with lower returns. But investments with higher returns definitely come with higher risks.

Additionally, the concept believes that assets should not be treated according to how they individually perform but on how they interact with each other. This is because being able to find the correct combination of such assets can help the investor achieve the highest possible return for a certain level of risk and vice versa.

2. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) evaluates the risks and returns that come with a risky asset in order to determine its price. Further, it proposes that the risks taken on by investors need to be countered with the appropriate compensation. It follows the following formula:

Where:

Ra = Expected return on a security

Rrf = Risk-free rate

Ba = Beta of the security

Rm = Expected return on the market

Benefits of Financial Economics

The ultimate benefit of financial economics is providing investors with the information to make sound and informed decisions in relation to their investment options. They are presented with the risks and risk factors involved in their investments, the fair value of the asset they wish to acquire, and the regulations in the financial markets where they are involved.

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